CMake Fortran Issues: Difference between revisions

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{{CMake/Template/Moved}}


= Introduction =
This page has moved [https://gitlab.kitware.com/cmake/community/wikis/doc/cmake/languages/fortran/Fortran-Issues here].
CMake has a number of Fortran issues that have been discussed many different times on list and duplicated a fair number of times in the bug tracker as well.
 
Maik Beckmann is trying to make sense of all the confusion by collecting information on all Fortran issues at http://www.cmake.org/Bug/view.php?id=5809
 
Please join the work there by
 
* Contributing patches.
* Testing the patches that already exist there.
* Reporting things that don't work.
* Sending simplified examples of things which don't work.
* Sharing your expert knowledge of CMake.
 
= Concepts expressed using Makefiles =
 
This section is intended to discuss the Makefile rules which CMake has to generate.  All examples are fully working. You can download them as tarball examples_using_Makefiles.tar.gz at http://www.cmake.org/Bug/view.php?id=5809. To build an example, change into the corresponding ''build'' directory and run the
: $ make
command.  After this initial build, check dependencies by touching source files of your choice and running the
: $ make
command again.
 
'''Note:''' For examples which show how an external library providing modules is handled, the external library which resides at directory ''extLib'' for each of these examples has to be built and installed by changing into the corresponding ''extLib'' directory and running the
: $ make install && make clean
command.
 
== A simple program ==
 
A f9x program which is build by compiling in linking two source files ''a.f90'' and ''main.f90''.
The tree structure is:
* example_simpleProgram
** build
***  Makefile
*** prog.dir
**** build.make
** main.f90
** a.f90
 
a.f90:
<pre>
SUBROUTINE printHello
    WRITE(*,*) "Hello f9x world"
END SUBROUTINE
</pre>
 
main.f90:
<pre>
PROGRAM hello
    CALL printHello
END PROGRAM
</pre>
 
Makefile:
<pre>
all: prog.dir/all
 
prog.dir/all:
$(MAKE) -f prog.dir/build.make prog.dir/all
 
clean:
$(MAKE) -f prog.dir/build.make prog.dir/clean
</pre>
 
build.make:
<pre>
prog.dir/all: prog.dir/prog
 
prog.dir/prog:  prog.dir/a.o prog.dir/main.o
gfortran -o prog.dir/prog  prog.dir/a.o prog.dir/main.o
prog.dir/a.o: ../a.f90
gfortran -o prog.dir/a.o  -c ../a.f90
prog.dir/main.o: ../main.f90
gfortran -o prog.dir/main.o  -c ../main.f90
prog.dir/clean:
rm prog.dir/a.o prog.dir/main.o prog.dir/prog
</pre>
 
The rules generated by the '''current CMake covers all dependencies''' which can occur as long as '''no modules''' are used.
 
You can download this example as tarball example_simpleProgram.tar.gz at http://www.cmake.org/Bug/view.php?id=5809
 
== A simple program with module ==
 
The same as before, but now ''a.f90'' provides a module which ''main.f90'' uses.
The tree structure is:
* example_simpleProgram_withModule
** build
***  Makefile
*** prog.dir
**** build.make
** main.f90
** a.f90
 
a.f90:
<pre>
MODULE localMod
!
CONTAINS
    SUBROUTINE printHello
        WRITE(*,*) "Hello f9x world"
    END SUBROUTINE
END MODULE
</pre>
 
main.f90:
<pre>
PROGRAM hello
    USE localMod
    CALL printHello
END PROGRAM
</pre>
 
=== Rules like those generated by current CMake ===
 
Makefile:
<pre>
all: prog.dir/all
 
prog.dir/all:
$(MAKE) -f prog.dir/build.make prog.dir/requires
$(MAKE) -f prog.dir/build.make prog.dir/all
 
clean:
$(MAKE) -f prog.dir/build.make prog.dir/clean
</pre>
 
build.make:
<pre>
prog.dir/all: prog.dir/prog
 
 
prog.dir/prog:  prog.dir/a.o prog.dir/main.o
gfortran -o prog.dir/prog  prog.dir/a.o prog.dir/main.o
 
prog.dir/a.o: ../a.f90
gfortran -o prog.dir/a.o  -c ../a.f90 -M prog.dir
prog.dir/localmod.mod: prog.dir/a.o
prog.dir/main.o: ../main.f90
gfortran -o prog.dir/main.o  -c ../main.f90 -I prog.dir
prog.dir/clean:
rm prog.dir/localmod.mod prog.dir/a.o prog.dir/main.o prog.dir/prog
localmod.mod.proxy: prog.dir/a.o
 
prog.dir/main.o.requires: localmod.mod.proxy
prog.dir/requires: prog.dir/main.o.requires
</pre>
 
After you build prog using this set of Makefiles
do (you're at the build directory)
  $ touch ../a.f90
and enter
  $ make
You'll see that a.f90 is recompiled and prog.dir/prog  is linked again. But main.f90 has to recompiled too, since a module dependency is a compile time dependency like an include.
 
=== Rules like those that should be generated by CMake ===
 
Makefile:
<pre>
all: prog.dir/all
 
prog.dir/all:
$(MAKE) -f prog.dir/build.make prog.dir/all
 
clean:
$(MAKE) -f prog.dir/build.make prog.dir/clean
</pre>
 
build.make:
<pre>
prog.dir/all: prog.dir/prog
 
 
prog.dir/prog:  prog.dir/a.o prog.dir/main.o
gfortran -o prog.dir/prog  prog.dir/a.o prog.dir/main.o
 
prog.dir/a.o: ../a.f90
gfortran -o prog.dir/a.o  -c ../a.f90 -M prog.dir
prog.dir/localmod.mod: prog.dir/a.o
prog.dir/main.o: ../main.f90 prog.dir/localmod.mod
gfortran -o prog.dir/main.o  -c ../main.f90 -I prog.dir
prog.dir/clean:
rm prog.dir/localmod.mod prog.dir/a.o prog.dir/main.o prog.dir/prog
</pre>
 
After you build prog using this set of Makefiles
do (you're at the build directory)
  $ touch ../a.f90
and enter
  $ make
You'll see that a.f90 is recompiled, like the current CMake does,
but main.f90  is recompiled too, as it should be.
 
== Executable depending on external lib ==
 
This example build a executable target which
# provides a module
# uses the provided module
# uses a module of a external library
 
structure:
* example_dependingOn_externalLib
** extLib
*** include
**** externalmod.mod
*** lib
**** libmyextlib.a
** myproject
*** build
**** Makefile
**** prog.dir
***** build.make
*** a.f90
*** main.f90
 
Contents of myproject...
 
a.f90:
<pre>
MODULE localMod
!
CONTAINS
    SUBROUTINE printLocalModGreeting
        WRITE(*,*) "Greetings from Module localMod"
    END SUBROUTINE
END MODULE
</pre>
 
main.f90:
<pre>
PROGRAM hello
    USE localMod
    USE externalMod
    CALL printLocalModGreeting
    CALL printExtModGreeting
END PROGRAM
</pre>
 
=== Rules like those generated by current CMake ===
Makefile:
<pre>
all: prog.dir/all
 
prog.dir/all:
$(MAKE) -f prog.dir/build.make prog.dir/requires
$(MAKE) -f prog.dir/build.make prog.dir/all
 
clean:
$(MAKE) -f prog.dir/build.make prog.dir/clean
</pre>
 
build.make:
<pre>
prog.dir/all: prog.dir/prog
 
 
prog.dir/prog: ../../extLib/lib/libmyextlib.a
prog.dir/prog: prog.dir/a.o prog.dir/main.o
gfortran -o prog.dir/prog  prog.dir/a.o prog.dir/main.o ../../extLib/lib/libmyextlib.a
 
prog.dir/a.o: ../a.f90
gfortran -o prog.dir/a.o  -c ../a.f90 -M prog.dir
prog.dir/main.o: ../main.f90
gfortran -o prog.dir/main.o -c ../main.f90 -I prog.dir -I ../../extLib/include
prog.dir/clean:
rm prog.dir/localmod.mod prog.dir/a.o prog.dir/main.o prog.dir/prog
externalmod.mod.proxy: # dummy
 
localmod.mod.proxy: prog.dir/a.o
 
prog.dir/main.o.requires: localmod.mod.proxy externalmod.mod.proxy
prog.dir/requires: prog.dir/main.o.requires
</pre>
 
This rules got the same problem as the example above (simple Program with module) plus it doesn't recognizes
if the external modules got updated.
 
=== Rules like those that should be generated by CMake ===
 
Makefile:
<pre>
all: prog.dir/all
 
prog.dir/all:
$(MAKE) -f prog.dir/build.make prog.dir/all
 
clean:
$(MAKE) -f prog.dir/build.make prog.dir/clean
</pre>
 
build.make:
<pre>
prog.dir/all: prog.dir/prog
 
 
prog.dir/prog: ../../extLib/lib/libmyextlib.a
prog.dir/prog: prog.dir/a.o prog.dir/main.o
gfortran -o prog.dir/prog  prog.dir/a.o prog.dir/main.o ../../extLib/lib/libmyextlib.a
 
prog.dir/a.o: ../a.f90
gfortran -o prog.dir/a.o  -c ../a.f90 -M prog.dir
prog.dir/localmod.mod: prog.dir/a.o
prog.dir/main.o: ../main.f90 prog.dir/localmod.mod
gfortran -o prog.dir/main.o -c ../main.f90 -I prog.dir -I ../../extLib/include
prog.dir/clean:
rm prog.dir/localmod.mod prog.dir/a.o prog.dir/main.o prog.dir/prog
</pre>
 
These rules build everything in proper order and consider the timestamp of externalmod.mod.
 
== Executable target depending on lib target ==
 
structure:
* example_depending_libTarget
** build
*** Makefile
*** lib.dir
**** build.make
**** libmodx.mod.stamp
**** libmody.mod.stamp
*** prog.dir
**** build.make
** lib
*** a.f90
*** b.f90
** prog
*** a.f90
*** main.f90
 
contents...
 
lib/a.f90:
<pre>
MODULE libModX
    USE libModY
END MODULE
</pre>
 
lib/b.f90:
<pre>
MODULE libModY
END MODULE
</pre>
 
prog/a.f90:
<pre>
MODULE localMod
END MODULE
</pre>
 
prog/main.f90:
<pre>
PROGRAM hello
    USE localMod
    USE libModX
 
    WRITE(*,*) 'Hello, F90 world.'
END PROGRAM
</pre>
 
===  Rules like those generated by current CMake ===
 
build/Makefile:
<pre>
all: lib.dir/all prog.dir/all
 
lib.dir/all:
$(MAKE) -f lib.dir/build.make lib.dir/requires
$(MAKE) -f lib.dir/build.make lib.dir/all
 
prog.dir/all: lib.dir/all
$(MAKE) -f prog.dir/build.make  prog.dir/requires
$(MAKE) -f prog.dir/build.make  prog.dir/all
 
clean:
$(MAKE) -f prog.dir/build.make prog.dir/clean
$(MAKE) -f lib.dir/build.make lib.dir/clean
</pre>
 
build/lib.dir/build.make:
<pre>
lib.dir/all: lib.dir/mylib
 
lib.dir/mylib: lib.dir/libmylib.a
 
lib.dir/libmylib.a: lib.dir/a.o lib.dir/b.o
ar rc lib.dir/libmylib.a lib.dir/a.o lib.dir/b.o 
ranlib lib.dir/libmylib.a
 
lib.dir/a.o: ../lib/a.f90
gfortran -o lib.dir/a.o -c ../lib/a.f90 -M lib.dir
 
lib.dir/b.o: ../lib/b.f90
gfortran -o lib.dir/b.o -c ../lib/b.f90  -M lib.dir
 
libmody.mod.proxy: lib.dir/b.o
 
lib.dir/a.o.requires: libmody.mod.proxy
lib.dir/requires:  lib.dir/a.o.requires 
 
 
lib.dir/clean:
rm lib.dir/a.o lib.dir/b.o lib.dir/libmylib.a
rm lib.dir/libmodx.mod lib.dir/libmody.mod
</pre>
 
build/prog.dir/build.make:
<pre>
prog.dir/all: prog.dir/prog
 
 
prog.dir/prog: prog.dir/main.o prog.dir/a.o
gfortran -o prog.dir/prog  prog.dir/main.o prog.dir/a.o  lib.dir/libmylib.a
 
prog.dir/a.o: ../prog/a.f90
gfortran -o prog.dir/a.o -c ../prog/a.f90 -M prog.dir
prog.dir/localmod.mod: prog.dir/a.o
 
 
prog.dir/main.o: ../prog/main.f90
gfortran -o prog.dir/main.o -c ../prog/main.f90 -I lib.dir -I prog.dir
 
 
localmod.mod.proxy: prog.dir/a.o
libmodx.mod.proxy: # dummy
 
prog.dir/main.o.requires: localmod.mod.proxy libmodx.mod.proxy
prog.dir/requires: prog.dir/main.o.requires
 
 
prog.dir/clean:
rm prog.dir/a.o prog.dir/main.o prog.dir/prog prog.dir/localmod.mod
</pre>
 
Again everything is build, but isn't updated proper.
 
=== Rules like those that should be generated by CMake ===
 
build/Makefile:
<pre>
all: lib.dir/all prog.dir/all
 
lib.dir/all:
$(MAKE) -f lib.dir/build.make lib.dir/all
 
prog.dir/all: lib.dir/all
$(MAKE) -f prog.dir/build.make prog.dir/all
</pre>
 
build/lib.dir/build.make:
<pre>
lib.dir/all: lib.dir/mylib
 
lib.dir/mylib: lib.dir/libmylib.a
 
lib.dir/libmylib.a: lib.dir/a.o lib.dir/b.o
ar rc lib.dir/libmylib.a lib.dir/a.o lib.dir/b.o 
ranlib lib.dir/libmylib.a
 
lib.dir/a.o: ../lib/a.f90 lib.dir/libmody.mod
gfortran -o lib.dir/a.o -c ../lib/a.f90 -M lib.dir
touch lib.dir/libmodx.mod.stamp
lib.dir/b.o: ../lib/b.f90
gfortran -o lib.dir/b.o -c ../lib/b.f90  -M lib.dir
touch lib.dir/libmody.mod.stamp
 
lib.dir/libmodx.mod: lib.dir/a.o
lib.dir/libmody.mod: lib.dir/b.o
 
 
lib.dir/clean:
rm lib.dir/a.o lib.dir/b.o lib.dir/libmylib.a
rm lib.dir/libmodx.mod lib.dir/libmody.mod
</pre>
 
build/prog.dir/build.make:
<pre>
prog.dir/all: prog.dir/prog
 
 
prog.dir/prog: prog.dir/main.o prog.dir/a.o
gfortran -o prog.dir/prog  prog.dir/main.o prog.dir/a.o  lib.dir/libmylib.a
 
prog.dir/a.o: ../prog/a.f90
gfortran -o prog.dir/a.o -c ../prog/a.f90 -M prog.dir
prog.dir/localmod.mod: prog.dir/a.o
 
prog.dir/main.o: lib.dir/libmodx.mod.stamp
prog.dir/main.o: ../prog/main.f90 prog.dir/localmod.mod
gfortran -o prog.dir/main.o -c ../prog/main.f90 -I lib.dir -I prog.dir
 
 
 
prog.dir/clean:
rm prog.dir/a.o prog.dir/main.o prog.dir/prog prog.dir/localmod.mod
</pre>
 
== Finally: Executable target depending on lib target and external lib ==
 
structure:
* example_final
** extLib
*** include
**** externalmod.mod
*** lib
**** libmyextlib.a
** myproject
*** build
**** Makefile
**** lib.dir
***** build.make
***** libmodx.mod.stamp
***** libmody.mod.stamp
**** prog.dir
***** build.make
*** lib
**** a.f90
**** b.f90
*** prog
**** a.f90
**** main.f90
 
 
 
Contents...
 
lib/a.f90:
<pre>
MODULE libModX
    USE libModY
END MODULE
</pre>
 
lib/b.f90:
<pre>
MODULE libModY
END MODULE
</pre>
 
prog/a.f90:
<pre>
MODULE localMod
END MODULE
</pre>
 
 
prog/b.f90:
<pre>
PROGRAM hello
    USE localMod
    USE libModX
    USE externalMod
 
    WRITE(*,*) 'Hello, F90 world.'
    CALL printExtModGreeting
END PROGRAM
</pre>
 
 
=== Rules like those generated by current CMake ===
 
build/Makefile:
<pre>
all: lib.dir/all prog.dir/all
 
lib.dir/all:
$(MAKE) -f lib.dir/build.make lib.dir/requires
$(MAKE) -f lib.dir/build.make lib.dir/all
 
prog.dir/all: lib.dir/all
$(MAKE) -f prog.dir/build.make prog.dir/requires
$(MAKE) -f prog.dir/build.make prog.dir/all
 
clean:
$(MAKE) -f prog.dir/build.make prog.dir/clean
$(MAKE) -f lib.dir/build.make lib.dir/clean
</pre>
 
build/lib.dir/build.make:
<pre>
lib.dir/all: lib.dir/mylib
 
lib.dir/mylib: lib.dir/libmylib.a
 
lib.dir/libmylib.a: lib.dir/a.o lib.dir/b.o
ar rc lib.dir/libmylib.a lib.dir/a.o lib.dir/b.o 
ranlib lib.dir/libmylib.a
 
lib.dir/a.o: ../lib/a.f90
gfortran -o lib.dir/a.o -c ../lib/a.f90 -M lib.dir
lib.dir/b.o: ../lib/b.f90
gfortran -o lib.dir/b.o -c ../lib/b.f90  -M lib.dir
 
libmody.mod.proxy: lib.dir/b.o
 
lib.dir/b.o.requires: libmody.mod.proxy
 
lib.dir/requires: lib.dir/b.o.requires
 
 
lib.dir/clean:
rm lib.dir/a.o lib.dir/b.o lib.dir/libmylib.a
rm lib.dir/libmodx.mod lib.dir/libmody.mod
</pre>
 
build/prog.dir/build.make:
<pre>
prog.dir/all: prog.dir/prog
 
prog.dir/prog: ../../extLib/lib/libmyextlib.a
prog.dir/prog: prog.dir/main.o prog.dir/a.o ../../extLib/lib/libmyextlib.a
gfortran -o prog.dir/prog  prog.dir/main.o prog.dir/a.o  lib.dir/libmylib.a ../../extLib/lib/libmyextlib.a
 
prog.dir/a.o: ../prog/a.f90
gfortran -o prog.dir/a.o -c ../prog/a.f90 -M prog.dir
prog.dir/main.o:
prog.dir/main.o: ../prog/main.f90
gfortran -o prog.dir/main.o -c ../prog/main.f90 -I lib.dir -I prog.dir -I ../../extLib/include
 
 
localmod.mod.proxy: prog.dir/a.o
libmodx.mod.proxy: # dummy
externalmod.mod.proxy: # dummy
 
prog.dir/main.o.requires: localmod.mod.proxy libmodx.mod.proxy externalmod.mod.proxy
 
prog.dir/requires: prog.dir/main.o.requires
 
prog.dir/clean:
rm prog.dir/a.o prog.dir/main.o prog.dir/prog prog.dir/localmod.mod
</pre>
 
=== Rules like those that should be generated by CMake ===
 
build/Makefile:
<pre>
all: lib.dir/all prog.dir/all
 
lib.dir/all:
$(MAKE) -f lib.dir/build.make lib.dir/all
 
prog.dir/all: lib.dir/all
$(MAKE) -f prog.dir/build.make prog.dir/all
 
clean:
$(MAKE) -f prog.dir/build.make prog.dir/clean
$(MAKE) -f lib.dir/build.make lib.dir/clean
</pre>
 
build/lib.dir/build.make:
<pre>
lib.dir/all: lib.dir/mylib
 
lib.dir/mylib: lib.dir/libmylib.a
 
lib.dir/libmylib.a: lib.dir/a.o lib.dir/b.o
ar rc lib.dir/libmylib.a lib.dir/a.o lib.dir/b.o 
ranlib lib.dir/libmylib.a
 
lib.dir/a.o: ../lib/a.f90 lib.dir/libmody.mod
gfortran -o lib.dir/a.o -c ../lib/a.f90 -M lib.dir
touch lib.dir/libmodx.mod.stamp
lib.dir/b.o: ../lib/b.f90
gfortran -o lib.dir/b.o -c ../lib/b.f90  -M lib.dir
touch lib.dir/libmody.mod.stamp
 
lib.dir/libmodx.mod: lib.dir/a.o
lib.dir/libmody.mod: lib.dir/b.o
 
 
lib.dir/clean:
rm lib.dir/a.o lib.dir/b.o lib.dir/libmylib.a
rm lib.dir/libmodx.mod lib.dir/libmody.mod
</pre>
 
build/prog.dir/build.make:
<pre>
prog.dir/all: prog.dir/prog
 
prog.dir/prog: ../../extLib/lib/libmyextlib.a
prog.dir/prog: prog.dir/main.o prog.dir/a.o ../../extLib/lib/libmyextlib.a
gfortran -o prog.dir/prog  prog.dir/main.o prog.dir/a.o  lib.dir/libmylib.a ../../extLib/lib/libmyextlib.a
 
prog.dir/a.o: ../prog/a.f90
gfortran -o prog.dir/a.o -c ../prog/a.f90 -M prog.dir
prog.dir/localmod.mod: prog.dir/a.o
 
prog.dir/main.o: lib.dir/libmodx.mod.stamp
prog.dir/main.o: ../../extLib/include/externalmod.mod
prog.dir/main.o: ../prog/main.f90 prog.dir/localmod.mod
gfortran -o prog.dir/main.o -c ../prog/main.f90 -I lib.dir -I prog.dir -I ../../extLib/include
 
 
 
prog.dir/clean:
rm prog.dir/a.o prog.dir/main.o prog.dir/prog prog.dir/localmod.mod
</pre>
 
== Conclusion ==
 
=== What keeps CMake from doing it like could be done shown above? ===
 
For each target CMake parses the source files and writes the dependencies one by one.  This is ok for includes.  But doing it this way CMake cannot determine if a required module of source file ''a.f90'' is provided by a source file ''b.f90'' of the same target  or not.  This is IMHO the reason why the CMake developer droped a direct dependency of the source file to a required module.  As shown in the ''' rules like they are generated by current CMak''' sections an extra step called ''required'' was introduced.  This works out if one want just to build, but isn't enough for developer needs (because recompilation isn't done as expected).
 
=== What kind of changes have to be done to make it happen? ===
 
# Before the actually dependency tracking starts, CMake has to parse all fortran sources and to create a corresponding file i.e. ''mymodule.mod.stamp'' for ''mymodule''. This can be done source by source.  Now CMake is able to search the build tree for a module.
# Rather than doing it one by one, all sources of a target have to be parsed before starting to write dependencies.  This way CMake knows if a required modules is provided by itself or not.
# In case a required module ''mymod'' isn't provided by the same target
## search the build-tree for ''mymod.mod.stamp''
## if not found search it at the include paths
 
Module dependency tracking superseeds include dependency tracking but
: '''Note:''' IMHO the code responsible for C/C++/Java dependency generation shouldn't be touched, since speed is an imporant advantage of CMake for developers!

Latest revision as of 15:41, 30 April 2018


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