[vtkusers] Segfault in vtkOpenGLRenderWindow.OpenGLInitState and advice about render window in/out events

Elvis Stansvik elvis.stansvik at orexplore.com
Mon Jun 27 03:09:07 EDT 2016


2016-06-26 13:31 GMT+02:00 Elvis Stansvik <elvis.stansvik at orexplore.com>:

> 2016-06-26 13:06 GMT+02:00 Elvis Stansvik <elvis.stansvik at orexplore.com>:
>
>> Hi,
>>
>> In my quest to create a PyQt5 widget based on QOpenGLWidget for
>> showing/interacting with VTK, I now have something that seems to work
>> (including the whole thing as a runnable example below).
>>
>
> It was a little too early to say "seems to work": When trying to show one
> of the volumes I need to render, I get
>
> (gui) [estan at pyret orexplore.gui]$ python -m orexplore.gui.main
> enabling depth test
> ERROR: In
> /home/estan/Blandat/vtk-python3/src/VTK-7.0.0/Rendering/OpenGL2/vtkOpenGLRenderWindow.cxx,
> line 1682
> vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow (0x308c3f0): Hardware does not support the
> number of textures defined.
>
> Segmentation fault (core dumped)
> (gui) [estan at pyret orexplore.gui]$
>
> on my Sandybridge laptop :/
>
> Anyone know if I'd be able to use the old OpenGL backend here?
>

I can now confirm that I'm getting the same error on my Haswell work laptop
(which is using the OpenGL2 backend) :( Anyone know if there's a way to
solve this or what I should look into?

The volume I'm trying to render is not particularly big (2000x120x120,
float), and it renders fine if I use a QGLWidget to back my VTK widget
instead of QOpenGLWidget. So I'm suspecting it might have something to do
with how I set up my QOpenGLWidget.

What I'm doing to configure it is simply:

        # Request OpenGL 3.2 compatibility profile and enable multi-sampling
        surfaceFormat = QSurfaceFormat.defaultFormat()
        surfaceFormat.setMajorVersion(3)
        surfaceFormat.setMinorVersion(2)
        surfaceFormat.setProfile(QSurfaceFormat.CompatibilityProfile)
        surfaceFormat.setSamples(8)
        self.setFormat(surfaceFormat)

The whole reason I'm trying to get QOpenGLWidget working is that QGLWidget
does not have a setFormat in PyQt5, since it doesn't wrap functions marked
"obsolete" in Qt, and this prevents me from enabling multi-sampling.

Very grateful for any advice from experts on the OpenGL2 backend, as I
really need to get this working and move on.

I'm attaching my vtk_widget2.py, which shows how I set up rendering into
the QOpenGLWidget. Rendering of the cone example at the bottom works, it's
just when I'm trying volume rendering using vtkGPUVolumeRayCastMapper that
I get the above error.

Elvis


> Elvis
>
>
>>
>> I do however have two problems (indicated by "FIXME:"s in the code below):
>>
>> 1. When I try to call vtkOpenGLRenderWindow.OpenGLInitState when handling
>> the render window StartEvent (commented out below), similar to how
>> QVTKWidget2 does, I get a segmentation fault:
>>
>> (gdb) bt
>> #0  0x0000000000000000 in ?? ()
>> #1  0x00007fffd8ad13b9 in vtkOpenGLRenderWindow::OpenGLInitState() ()
>> from /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2.so.1
>> #2  0x00007fffd8de8479 in ?? () from
>> /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2Python35D.so.1
>> #3  0x00007ffff79ba5e9 in PyCFunction_Call () from
>> /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #4  0x00007ffff7a325f1 in PyEval_EvalFrameEx () from
>> /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #5  0x00007ffff7a339e2 in ?? () from /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #6  0x00007ffff7a33ac3 in PyEval_EvalCodeEx () from
>> /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #7  0x00007ffff799db98 in ?? () from /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #8  0x00007ffff79730da in PyObject_Call () from
>> /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #9  0x00007ffff7989d64 in ?? () from /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #10 0x00007ffff79730da in PyObject_Call () from
>> /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #11 0x00007ffff7a2a457 in PyEval_CallObjectWithKeywords () from
>> /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #12 0x00007fffe8d905a0 in vtkPythonCommand::Execute(vtkObject*, unsigned
>> long, void*) () from /usr/lib/libvtkWrappingPython35Core.so.1
>> #13 0x00007fffe89ac196 in ?? () from /usr/lib/libvtkCommonCore.so.1
>> #14 0x00007fffdf022a0f in vtkRenderWindow::Render() () from
>> /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingCore.so.1
>> #15 0x00007fffd8ad4461 in vtkOpenGLRenderWindow::Render() () from
>> /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingOpenGL2.so.1
>> #16 0x00007fffdf027498 in vtkRenderWindowInteractor::Start() () from
>> /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingCore.so.1
>> #17 0x00007fffdf3ee789 in ?? () from
>> /usr/lib/libvtkRenderingCorePython35D.so.1
>> #18 0x00007ffff79ba5e9 in PyCFunction_Call () from
>> /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #19 0x00007ffff7a325f1 in PyEval_EvalFrameEx () from
>> /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #20 0x00007ffff7a339e2 in ?? () from /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #21 0x00007ffff7a33ac3 in PyEval_EvalCodeEx () from
>> /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #22 0x00007ffff799db98 in ?? () from /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #23 0x00007ffff79730da in PyObject_Call () from
>> /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #24 0x00007ffff7989d64 in ?? () from /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #25 0x00007ffff79730da in PyObject_Call () from
>> /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #26 0x00007ffff79cfa10 in ?? () from /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #27 0x00007ffff79cdde6 in ?? () from /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #28 0x00007ffff79730da in PyObject_Call () from
>> /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #29 0x00007ffff7a2c4bc in PyEval_EvalFrameEx () from
>> /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #30 0x00007ffff7a32942 in PyEval_EvalFrameEx () from
>> /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #31 0x00007ffff7a339e2 in ?? () from /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #32 0x00007ffff7a33ac3 in PyEval_EvalCodeEx () from
>> /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #33 0x00007ffff7a33aeb in PyEval_EvalCode () from
>> /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #34 0x00007ffff7a2802d in ?? () from /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #35 0x00007ffff79ba5e9 in PyCFunction_Call () from
>> /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #36 0x00007ffff7a325f1 in PyEval_EvalFrameEx () from
>> /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #37 0x00007ffff7a339e2 in ?? () from /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #38 0x00007ffff7a306e0 in PyEval_EvalFrameEx () from
>> /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #39 0x00007ffff7a339e2 in ?? () from /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #40 0x00007ffff7a33ac3 in PyEval_EvalCodeEx () from
>> /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #41 0x00007ffff799db98 in ?? () from /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #42 0x00007ffff79730da in PyObject_Call () from
>> /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #43 0x00007ffff7a6af01 in ?? () from /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #44 0x00007ffff7a6b7dc in Py_Main () from /usr/lib/libpython3.5m.so.1.0
>> #45 0x0000000000400ae7 in main ()
>> (gdb)
>>
>> Sorry for the lack of debugging symbols, but before I recompile VTK with
>> debugging symbols, I thought I'd ask if anyone has an idea what may be the
>> reason for the crash? I haven't seen any adverse effects from not calling
>> this function, but I suspect something is broken? (how can I test?)
>>
>> 2. I can't seem to find a way to properly implement the
>> WindowIsCurrentEvent, WindowIsDirectEvent and WindowSupportsOpenGLEvent
>> render window events. E.g. (from below):
>>
>>     def _onWindowIsCurrentEvent(self, sender, event, callData):
>>         callData = True  # FIXME: This won't work...
>>
>>     def _onWindowIsDirectEvent(self, sender, event, callData):
>>         callData = True  # FIXME: This won't work...
>>
>>     def _onWindowSupportsOpenGLEvent(self, sender, event, callData):
>>         callData = True  # FIXME: This won't work...
>>
>> The callData is a bool* and the handler is expected to write a bool to
>> the pointed memory. I can't see that there's any way to do this from Python
>> (is it possible with ctypes somehow?).
>>
>> So far I haven't seen any adverse effects from not implementing these
>> three events correctly, but expect something to be broken..?
>>
>> Thankful for any advice on these two issues, and it would be great if
>> someone could try out the example, with the
>>
>>     # self.renderWindow.OpenGLInitState()  # FIXME: Segfaults :(
>>
>> line uncommented, to confirm the segfault I'm seeing.
>>
>> Cheers,
>> Elvis
>>
>>
>> from PyQt5.QtCore import Qt, QTimer, QEvent, QSize
>> from PyQt5.QtGui import QSurfaceFormat
>> from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QWidget, QOpenGLWidget
>>
>> from vtk import vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow
>> from vtk import vtkGenericRenderWindowInteractor
>> from vtk import vtkCommand
>> from vtk import vtkRenderer
>>
>> from vtk import VTK_CURSOR_DEFAULT, VTK_CURSOR_ARROW, VTK_CURSOR_SIZENE
>> from vtk import VTK_CURSOR_SIZENW, VTK_CURSOR_SIZESW, VTK_CURSOR_SIZESE
>> from vtk import VTK_CURSOR_SIZENS, VTK_CURSOR_SIZEWE, VTK_CURSOR_SIZEALL
>> from vtk import VTK_CURSOR_HAND, VTK_CURSOR_CROSSHAIR
>>
>>
>> class VTKWidget(QOpenGLWidget):
>>
>>     def __init__(self, surfaceFormat=QSurfaceFormat.defaultFormat(),
>> *args, **kwargs):
>>         super().__init__(*args, **kwargs)
>>
>>         # Request OpenGL 3.2 compatibility profile and enable
>> multi-sampling
>>         surfaceFormat.setMajorVersion(3)
>>         surfaceFormat.setMinorVersion(2)
>>         surfaceFormat.setProfile(QSurfaceFormat.CompatibilityProfile)
>>         surfaceFormat.setSamples(8)
>>         self.setFormat(surfaceFormat)
>>
>>         # Create render window
>>         self.renderWindow = vtkGenericOpenGLRenderWindow()
>>         self.renderWindow.SetSize(self.width(), self.height())
>>         self.renderWindow.SetPosition(self.x(), self.y())
>>
>>         self.renderWindow.AddObserver(vtkCommand.StartEvent,
>>                                       self._onStartEvent)
>>         self.renderWindow.AddObserver(vtkCommand.EndEvent,
>>                                       self._onEndEvent)
>>         self.renderWindow.AddObserver(vtkCommand.CursorChangedEvent,
>>                                       self._onCursorChangedEvent)
>>         self.renderWindow.AddObserver(vtkCommand.WindowMakeCurrentEvent,
>>                                       self._onWindowMakeCurrentEvent)
>>         self.renderWindow.AddObserver(vtkCommand.WindowIsCurrentEvent,
>>                                       self._onWindowIsCurrentEvent)
>>         self.renderWindow.AddObserver(vtkCommand.WindowFrameEvent,
>>                                       self._onWindowFrameEvent)
>>         self.renderWindow.AddObserver(vtkCommand.WindowIsDirectEvent,
>>                                       self._onWindowIsDirectEvent)
>>
>> self.renderWindow.AddObserver(vtkCommand.WindowSupportsOpenGLEvent,
>>                                       self._onWindowSupportsOpenGLEvent)
>>
>>         # Create interactor
>>         self.interactor = vtkGenericRenderWindowInteractor()
>>         self.interactor.SetRenderWindow(self.renderWindow)
>>         self.interactor.SetSize(self.width(), self.height())
>>         self.interactor.AddObserver(vtkCommand.CreateTimerEvent,
>>                                     lambda *_: self._timer.start(10))
>>         self.interactor.AddObserver(vtkCommand.DestroyTimerEvent,
>>                                     lambda *_: self._timer.stop())
>>         self.interactor.Start()
>>
>>         # Create renderer
>>         self.renderer = vtkRenderer()
>>         self.renderWindow.AddRenderer(self.renderer)
>>
>>         # Timer for the interactor
>>         self._timer = QTimer(self)
>>         self._timer.timeout.connect(self.interactor.TimerEvent)
>>
>>         # Some tracked input state
>>         self._pressedButton = Qt.NoButton
>>         self._lastMouseX = 0
>>         self._lastMouseY = 0
>>         self._lastModifiers = Qt.NoModifier
>>         self._lastButtons = Qt.NoButton
>>         self._wheelDelta = 0
>>
>>         # Finalize render window before we're destroyed
>>         self._hidden = QWidget(self)
>>         self._hidden.hide()
>>         self._hidden.destroyed.connect(self.renderWindow.Finalize)
>>
>>     #
>>     # Handle VTK render window events
>>     #
>>
>>     def _onStartEvent(self, *_):
>>         self.makeCurrent()
>>         self.renderWindow.PushState()
>>         # self.renderWindow.OpenGLInitState()  # FIXME: Segfaults :(
>>
>>     def _onEndEvent(self, *_):
>>         self.renderWindow.PopState()
>>
>>     def _onWindowMakeCurrentEvent(self, *_):
>>         pass  # Handled automatically by QOpenGLWidget
>>
>>     def _onWindowIsCurrentEvent(self, sender, event, callData):
>>         callData = True  # FIXME: This won't work...
>>
>>     def _onWindowIsDirectEvent(self, sender, event, callData):
>>         callData = True  # FIXME: This won't work...
>>
>>     def _onWindowSupportsOpenGLEvent(self, sender, event, callData):
>>         callData = True  # FIXME: This won't work...
>>
>>     def _onWindowFrameEvent(self, *_):
>>         if self.renderWindow.GetSwapBuffers():
>>             self.update()
>>
>>     def _onCursorChangedEvent(self):
>>
>>         def showCursor():
>>             vtkCursor = self.renderWindow.GetCurrentCursor()
>>             qtCursor = VTKWidget._cursors.get(vtkCursor, Qt.ArrowCursor)
>>             self.setCursor(qtCursor)
>>
>>         # Defer until cursor has actually changed
>>         QTimer.singleShot(0, showCursor)
>>
>>     #
>>     # Implement QOpenGLWidget functions
>>     #
>>
>>     def initializeGL(self):
>>         self.renderWindow.OpenGLInitContext()
>>
>>     def paintGL(self):
>>         self.interactor.Render()
>>
>>     def resizeGL(self, width, height):
>>         self.renderWindow.SetSize(width, height)
>>         self.interactor.SetSize(width, height)
>>         self.interactor.ConfigureEvent()
>>
>>     #
>>     # Handle QWidget events
>>     #
>>
>>     def closeEvent(self, _):
>>         self.renderWindow.Finalize()
>>
>>     def sizeHint(self):
>>         return QSize(400, 400)
>>
>>     def moveEvent(self, event):
>>         super().moveEvent(event)
>>         self.renderWindow.SetPosition(self.x(), self.y())
>>
>>     def enterEvent(self, event):
>>         ctrl, shift = self._modifiers(event)
>>         self.interactor.SetEventInformationFlipY(self._lastMouseX,
>> self._lastMouseY,
>>                                                  ctrl, shift, chr(0), 0,
>> None)
>>         self.interactor.EnterEvent()
>>
>>     def leaveEvent(self, event):
>>         ctrl, shift = self._modifiers(event)
>>         self.interactor.SetEventInformationFlipY(self._lastMouseX,
>> self._lastMouseY,
>>                                                  ctrl, shift, chr(0), 0,
>> None)
>>         self.interactor.LeaveEvent()
>>
>>     def mousePressEvent(self, event):
>>         ctrl, shift = self._modifiers(event)
>>         repeat = 1 if event.type() == QEvent.MouseButtonDblClick else 0
>>         self.interactor.SetEventInformationFlipY(event.x(), event.y(),
>> ctrl, shift,
>>                                                  chr(0), repeat, None)
>>
>>         self._pressedButton = event.button()
>>
>>         if self._pressedButton == Qt.LeftButton:
>>             self.interactor.LeftButtonPressEvent()
>>         elif self._pressedButton == Qt.RightButton:
>>             self.interactor.RightButtonPressEvent()
>>         elif self._pressedButton == Qt.MidButton:
>>             self.interactor.MiddleButtonPressEvent()
>>
>>     def mouseReleaseEvent(self, event):
>>         ctrl, shift = self._modifiers(event)
>>         self.interactor.SetEventInformationFlipY(event.x(), event.y(),
>> ctrl, shift,
>>                                                  chr(0), 0, None)
>>
>>         if self._pressedButton == Qt.LeftButton:
>>             self.interactor.LeftButtonReleaseEvent()
>>         elif self._pressedButton == Qt.RightButton:
>>             self.interactor.RightButtonReleaseEvent()
>>         elif self._pressedButton == Qt.MidButton:
>>             self.interactor.MiddleButtonReleaseEvent()
>>
>>         self._pressedButton = Qt.NoButton
>>
>>     def mouseMoveEvent(self, event):
>>         self._lastModifiers = event.modifiers()
>>         self._lastButtons = event.buttons()
>>         self._lastMouseX = event.x()
>>         self._lastMouseY = event.y()
>>
>>         ctrl, shift = self._modifiers(event)
>>         self.interactor.SetEventInformationFlipY(event.x(), event.y(),
>> ctrl, shift,
>>                                                  chr(0), 0, None)
>>         self.interactor.MouseMoveEvent()
>>
>>     def keyPressEvent(self, event):
>>         ctrl, shift = self._modifiers(event)
>>         key = str(event.text()) if event.key() < 256 else chr(0)
>>         keySym = VTKWidget._qtKeyToKeySymbol(event.key())
>>
>>         if shift and len(keySym) == 1 and keySym.isalpha():
>>             keySym = keySym.upper()
>>
>>         self.interactor.SetEventInformationFlipY(self._lastMouseX,
>> self._lastMouseY,
>>                                                  ctrl, shift, key, 0,
>> keySym)
>>         self.interactor.KeyPressEvent()
>>         self.interactor.CharEvent()
>>
>>     def keyReleaseEvent(self, event):
>>         ctrl, shift = self._modifiers(event)
>>         key = chr(event.key()) if event.key() < 256 else chr(0)
>>
>>         self.interactor.SetEventInformationFlipY(self._lastMouseX,
>> self._lastMouseY,
>>                                                  ctrl, shift, key, 0,
>> None)
>>         self.interactor.KeyReleaseEvent()
>>
>>     def wheelEvent(self, event):
>>         self._wheelDelta += event.angleDelta().y()
>>
>>         if self._wheelDelta >= 120:
>>             self.interactor.MouseWheelForwardEvent()
>>             self._wheelDelta = 0
>>         elif self._wheelDelta <= -120:
>>             self.interactor.MouseWheelBackwardEvent()
>>             self._wheelDelta = 0
>>
>>     def _modifiers(self, event):
>>         ctrl = shift = False
>>
>>         if hasattr(event, 'modifiers'):
>>             if event.modifiers() & Qt.ShiftModifier:
>>                 shift = True
>>             if event.modifiers() & Qt.ControlModifier:
>>                 ctrl = True
>>         else:
>>             if self._lastModifiers & Qt.ShiftModifier:
>>                 shift = True
>>             if self._lastModifiers & Qt.ControlModifier:
>>                 ctrl = True
>>
>>         return ctrl, shift
>>
>>     @classmethod
>>     def _qtKeyToKeySymbol(cls, key):
>>         if key not in VTKWidget._keySymbols:
>>             return None
>>         return VTKWidget._keySymbols[key]
>>
>>     # Maps VTK cursors to Qt cursors
>>     _cursors = {
>>         VTK_CURSOR_DEFAULT: Qt.ArrowCursor,
>>         VTK_CURSOR_ARROW: Qt.ArrowCursor,
>>         VTK_CURSOR_SIZENE: Qt.SizeBDiagCursor,
>>         VTK_CURSOR_SIZENW: Qt.SizeFDiagCursor,
>>         VTK_CURSOR_SIZESW: Qt.SizeBDiagCursor,
>>         VTK_CURSOR_SIZESE: Qt.SizeFDiagCursor,
>>         VTK_CURSOR_SIZENS: Qt.SizeVerCursor,
>>         VTK_CURSOR_SIZEWE: Qt.SizeHorCursor,
>>         VTK_CURSOR_SIZEALL: Qt.SizeAllCursor,
>>         VTK_CURSOR_HAND: Qt.PointingHandCursor,
>>         VTK_CURSOR_CROSSHAIR: Qt.CrossCursor
>>     }
>>
>>     # Maps Qt keys to VTK key symbols
>>     _keySymbols = {
>>         Qt.Key_Backspace: 'BackSpace',
>>         Qt.Key_Tab: 'Tab',
>>         Qt.Key_Backtab: 'Tab',
>>         # Qt.Key_Clear : 'Clear',
>>         Qt.Key_Return: 'Return',
>>         Qt.Key_Enter: 'Return',
>>         Qt.Key_Shift: 'Shift_L',
>>         Qt.Key_Control: 'Control_L',
>>         Qt.Key_Alt: 'Alt_L',
>>         Qt.Key_Pause: 'Pause',
>>         Qt.Key_CapsLock: 'Caps_Lock',
>>         Qt.Key_Escape: 'Escape',
>>         Qt.Key_Space: 'space',
>>         # Qt.Key_Prior : 'Prior',
>>         # Qt.Key_Next : 'Next',
>>         Qt.Key_End: 'End',
>>         Qt.Key_Home: 'Home',
>>         Qt.Key_Left: 'Left',
>>         Qt.Key_Up: 'Up',
>>         Qt.Key_Right: 'Right',
>>         Qt.Key_Down: 'Down',
>>         Qt.Key_SysReq: 'Snapshot',
>>         Qt.Key_Insert: 'Insert',
>>         Qt.Key_Delete: 'Delete',
>>         Qt.Key_Help: 'Help',
>>         Qt.Key_0: '0',
>>         Qt.Key_1: '1',
>>         Qt.Key_2: '2',
>>         Qt.Key_3: '3',
>>         Qt.Key_4: '4',
>>         Qt.Key_5: '5',
>>         Qt.Key_6: '6',
>>         Qt.Key_7: '7',
>>         Qt.Key_8: '8',
>>         Qt.Key_9: '9',
>>         Qt.Key_A: 'a',
>>         Qt.Key_B: 'b',
>>         Qt.Key_C: 'c',
>>         Qt.Key_D: 'd',
>>         Qt.Key_E: 'e',
>>         Qt.Key_F: 'f',
>>         Qt.Key_G: 'g',
>>         Qt.Key_H: 'h',
>>         Qt.Key_I: 'i',
>>         Qt.Key_J: 'j',
>>         Qt.Key_K: 'k',
>>         Qt.Key_L: 'l',
>>         Qt.Key_M: 'm',
>>         Qt.Key_N: 'n',
>>         Qt.Key_O: 'o',
>>         Qt.Key_P: 'p',
>>         Qt.Key_Q: 'q',
>>         Qt.Key_R: 'r',
>>         Qt.Key_S: 's',
>>         Qt.Key_T: 't',
>>         Qt.Key_U: 'u',
>>         Qt.Key_V: 'v',
>>         Qt.Key_W: 'w',
>>         Qt.Key_X: 'x',
>>         Qt.Key_Y: 'y',
>>         Qt.Key_Z: 'z',
>>         Qt.Key_Asterisk: 'asterisk',
>>         Qt.Key_Plus: 'plus',
>>         Qt.Key_Minus: 'minus',
>>         Qt.Key_Period: 'period',
>>         Qt.Key_Slash: 'slash',
>>         Qt.Key_F1: 'F1',
>>         Qt.Key_F2: 'F2',
>>         Qt.Key_F3: 'F3',
>>         Qt.Key_F4: 'F4',
>>         Qt.Key_F5: 'F5',
>>         Qt.Key_F6: 'F6',
>>         Qt.Key_F7: 'F7',
>>         Qt.Key_F8: 'F8',
>>         Qt.Key_F9: 'F9',
>>         Qt.Key_F10: 'F10',
>>         Qt.Key_F11: 'F11',
>>         Qt.Key_F12: 'F12',
>>         Qt.Key_F13: 'F13',
>>         Qt.Key_F14: 'F14',
>>         Qt.Key_F15: 'F15',
>>         Qt.Key_F16: 'F16',
>>         Qt.Key_F17: 'F17',
>>         Qt.Key_F18: 'F18',
>>         Qt.Key_F19: 'F19',
>>         Qt.Key_F20: 'F20',
>>         Qt.Key_F21: 'F21',
>>         Qt.Key_F22: 'F22',
>>         Qt.Key_F23: 'F23',
>>         Qt.Key_F24: 'F24',
>>         Qt.Key_NumLock: 'Num_Lock',
>>         Qt.Key_ScrollLock: 'Scroll_Lock'
>>     }
>>
>> def example():
>>     #
>>     # Try out VTKWidget by showing a couple of cones
>>     #
>>     from sys import argv, exit
>>     from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication, QVBoxLayout
>>     from vtk import vtkConeSource, vtkPolyDataMapper, vtkActor
>>
>>     app = QApplication(argv)
>>
>>     layout = QVBoxLayout()
>>
>>     for i in range(2):
>>         widget = VTKWidget()
>>
>>         coneSource = vtkConeSource()
>>         coneSource.SetResolution(8)
>>
>>         coneMapper = vtkPolyDataMapper()
>>         coneMapper.SetInputConnection(coneSource.GetOutputPort())
>>
>>         coneActor = vtkActor()
>>         coneActor.SetMapper(coneMapper)
>>
>>         widget.renderer.AddActor(coneActor)
>>
>>         layout.addWidget(widget)
>>
>>     container = QWidget()
>>     container.setLayout(layout)
>>     container.show()
>>
>>     exit(app.exec_())
>>
>>
>> if __name__ == '__main__':
>>     example()
>>
>>
>
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