[Insight-developers] Gaussian filter performance: Ver 2.0

Paul Yushkevich pauly@cognitica.com
Mon, 12 May 2003 17:46:47 -0400


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I ran a more comprehensive test of Gaussian filter performance.  Here is 
the experiment that I ran:

For a range of values of scale (meaning standard deviation), I compared 
the computation and output of DiscreteGaussianImageFilter (DGIF) and 
RecursiveGaussianImageFilter, as applied to a 3D volume.  A range of 
DGIF's MaximumError values was used.

For each scale, I computed what I considered the 'ground truth' Gaussian 
convolution of the image.  For this ground truth I used DGIF with a 
value of MaximumError low enough not to generate exceptions, i,e, fit 
into a 32x32x32 pixel box.  I then computed convolutions using DGIF with 
larger error rates and using the RGIF. 

I compared the result of each such convolution to the 'ground truth' 
image for its scale.  I recorded the mean squared error, the maximum 
absolute error and the bias of the result w.r.t. the ground truth.  The 
attached file contains a table of results.

The punchline (at least for the image that I used) is this: 

*** For sigma < 1 pixel, the RGIF should not be used

*** For sigma >= 3 pixels, the RGIF gives errors on the same order as 
the DGIF with MaximumError = 0.01, and RGIF is an order of magnitude 
faster, so unless great precision is required, the RGIF should be used.

*** For sigma between 1 and 3 pixels, there is a tradeoff between RGIF 
and DGIF in terms of speed and performance.

Sorry, I did not use the VTK Gaussian in this experiment.  My intuition 
from the last round of experiments that it performs more or less as well 
as the DGIF for the same error rates.

Paul.

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=========================================================================
Starting Experiment; Scale = 0.1

Filter  MaxError        MS      M.S.E           Max Error       Bias
.......................................................................
DG      0.01            188     0               0               0
DG      0.0141421       188     0               0               0
DG      0.02            203     0               0               0
DG      0.0282843       204     0               0               0
DG      0.04            203     0               0               0
DG      0.0565685       203     0               0               0
DG      0.08            203     0               0               0
DG      0.113137        203     0               0               0
DG      0.16            187     0               0               0
DG      0.226274        187     0               0               0
DG      0.32            187     0               0               0
DG      0.452548        188     0               0               0
RG      0.00            141     1.2437e+007     16797.4         3370.01
.......................................................................


=========================================================================
Starting Experiment; Scale = 0.141421

Filter  MaxError        MS      M.S.E           Max Error       Bias
.......................................................................
DG      0.01            203     0               0               0
DG      0.0141421       187     0               0               0
DG      0.02            203     0               0               0
DG      0.0282843       187     0               0               0
DG      0.04            187     0               0               0
DG      0.0565685       203     0               0               0
DG      0.08            203     0               0               0
DG      0.113137        187     0               0               0
DG      0.16            187     0               0               0
DG      0.226274        203     0               0               0
DG      0.32            203     0               0               0
DG      0.452548        187     0               0               0
RG      0.00            125     1.46715e+006    5767.68         1156.73
.......................................................................


=========================================================================
Starting Experiment; Scale = 0.2

Filter  MaxError        MS      M.S.E           Max Error       Bias
.......................................................................
DG      0.01            187     0               0               0
DG      0.0141421       187     0               0               0
DG      0.02            203     0               0               0
DG      0.0282843       203     0               0               0
DG      0.04            187     0               0               0
DG      0.0565685       187     0               0               0
DG      0.08            188     0               0               0
DG      0.113137        203     0               0               0
DG      0.16            187     0               0               0
DG      0.226274        188     0               0               0
DG      0.32            188     0               0               0
DG      0.452548        203     0               0               0
RG      0.00            141     153193          1870.67         373.782
.......................................................................


=========================================================================
Starting Experiment; Scale = 0.282843

Filter  MaxError        MS      M.S.E           Max Error       Bias
.......................................................................
DG      0.01            203     0               0               0
DG      0.0141421       203     0               0               0
DG      0.02            188     0               0               0
DG      0.0282843       188     0               0               0
DG      0.04            203     0               0               0
DG      0.0565685       204     0               0               0
DG      0.08            188     0               0               0
DG      0.113137        188     0               0               0
DG      0.16            188     0               0               0
DG      0.226274        203     0               0               0
DG      0.32            203     0               0               0
DG      0.452548        188     0               0               0
RG      0.00            125     10800.1         506.45          99.1968
.......................................................................


=========================================================================
Starting Experiment; Scale = 0.4

Filter  MaxError        MS      M.S.E           Max Error       Bias
.......................................................................
DG      0.01            188     0.0106911       2.1805          -7.28438e-005
DG      0.0141421       187     0.0106911       2.1805          -7.28438e-005
DG      0.02            187     0.0106911       2.1805          -7.28438e-005
DG      0.0282843       203     0.0106911       2.1805          -7.28438e-005
DG      0.04            203     0.0106911       2.1805          -7.28438e-005
DG      0.0565685       187     0.0106911       2.1805          -7.28438e-005
DG      0.08            187     0.0106911       2.1805          -7.28438e-005
DG      0.113137        203     0.0106911       2.1805          -7.28438e-005
DG      0.16            203     0.0106911       2.1805          -7.28438e-005
DG      0.226274        187     0.0106911       2.1805          -7.28438e-005
DG      0.32            187     0.0106911       2.1805          -7.28438e-005
DG      0.452548        188     0.0106911       2.1805          -7.28438e-005
RG      0.00            141     245.07          82.8246         14.8749
.......................................................................


=========================================================================
Starting Experiment; Scale = 0.565685

Filter  MaxError        MS      M.S.E           Max Error       Bias
.......................................................................
DG      0.01            281     0               0               0
DG      0.0141421       281     0               0               0
DG      0.02            203     0.0933394       6.53308         -0.000586393
DG      0.0282843       203     0.0933394       6.53308         -0.000586393
DG      0.04            188     0.0933394       6.53308         -0.000586393
DG      0.0565685       188     0.0933394       6.53308         -0.000586393
DG      0.08            203     0.0933394       6.53308         -0.000586393
DG      0.113137        204     0.0933394       6.53308         -0.000586393
DG      0.16            188     0.0933394       6.53308         -0.000586393
DG      0.226274        188     0.0933394       6.53308         -0.000586393
DG      0.32            204     0.0933394       6.53308         -0.000586393
DG      0.452548        203     0.0933394       6.53308         -0.000586393
RG      0.00            125     0.418091        8.767           0.546951
.......................................................................


=========================================================================
Starting Experiment; Scale = 0.8

Filter  MaxError        MS      M.S.E           Max Error       Bias
.......................................................................
DG      0.01            281     0.0115421       2.05312         0.000426136
DG      0.0141421       281     0.0115421       2.05312         0.000426136
DG      0.02            266     0.0115421       2.05312         0.000426136
DG      0.0282843       282     0.0115421       2.05312         0.000426136
DG      0.04            266     0.0115421       2.05312         0.000426136
DG      0.0565685       282     0.0115421       2.05312         0.000426136
DG      0.08            203     0.717016        17.8511         0.00109266
DG      0.113137        188     0.717016        17.8511         0.00109266
DG      0.16            187     0.717016        17.8511         0.00109266
DG      0.226274        203     0.717016        17.8511         0.00109266
DG      0.32            203     0.717016        17.8511         0.00109266
DG      0.452548        187     0.717016        17.8511         0.00109266
RG      0.00            125     0.250014        10.6837         -0.0297057
.......................................................................


=========================================================================
Starting Experiment; Scale = 1.13137

Filter  MaxError        MS      M.S.E           Max Error       Bias
.......................................................................
DG      0.01            375     0               0               0
DG      0.0141421       391     0               0               0
DG      0.02            375     0               0               0
DG      0.0282843       391     0               0               0
DG      0.04            266     0.154047        6.6839          0.000291375
DG      0.0565685       281     0.154047        6.6839          0.000291375
DG      0.08            281     0.154047        6.6839          0.000291375
DG      0.113137        281     0.154047        6.6839          0.000291375
DG      0.16            281     0.154047        6.6839          0.000291375
DG      0.226274        187     3.29735         35.7973         0.00248762
DG      0.32            188     3.29735         35.7973         0.00248762
DG      0.452548        203     3.29735         35.7973         0.00248762
RG      0.00            141     0.109526        7.32904         0.0104968
.......................................................................


=========================================================================
Starting Experiment; Scale = 1.6

Filter  MaxError        MS      M.S.E           Max Error       Bias
.......................................................................
DG      0.01            500     0.0102285       1.2597          0.0013039
DG      0.0141421       500     0.0102285       1.2597          0.0013039
DG      0.02            500     0.0102285       1.2597          0.0013039
DG      0.0282843       500     0.0102285       1.2597          0.0013039
DG      0.04            375     0.198185        6.11504         0.00411568
DG      0.0565685       375     0.198185        6.11504         0.00411568
DG      0.08            375     0.198185        6.11504         0.00411568
DG      0.113137        265     1.9064          20.6642         0.00728438
DG      0.16            281     1.9064          20.6642         0.00728438
DG      0.226274        281     1.9064          20.6642         0.00728438
DG      0.32            266     1.9064          20.6642         0.00728438
DG      0.452548        203     11.8848         63.1403         0.00904356
RG      0.00            141     0.0254215       2.92197         0.00182838
.......................................................................


=========================================================================
Starting Experiment; Scale = 2.26274

Filter  MaxError        MS      M.S.E           Max Error       Bias
.......................................................................
DG      0.01            813     0.00440759      0.626274        0.00179196
DG      0.0141421       828     0.00440759      0.626274        0.00179196
DG      0.02            657     0.0590506       2.44234         0.00468386
DG      0.0282843       672     0.0590506       2.44234         0.00468386
DG      0.04            656     0.0590506       2.44234         0.00468386
DG      0.0565685       500     0.424522        7.35545         0.0105951
DG      0.08            484     0.424522        7.35545         0.0105951
DG      0.113137        484     0.424522        7.35545         0.0105951
DG      0.16            391     2.18125         19.278          0.0187791
DG      0.226274        390     2.18125         19.278          0.0187791
DG      0.32            282     8.69911         44.1795         0.0260052
DG      0.452548        266     8.69911         44.1795         0.0260052
RG      0.00            141     0.00923357      1.42459         0.0044544
.......................................................................


=========================================================================
Starting Experiment; Scale = 3.2

Filter  MaxError        MS      M.S.E           Max Error       Bias
.......................................................................
DG      0.01            1250    0.00697789      0.5718          0.0037296
DG      0.0141421       1235    0.00697789      0.5718          0.0037296
DG      0.02            1235    0.00697789      0.5718          0.0037296
DG      0.0282843       1016    0.0624751       1.81568         0.00942599
DG      0.04            1015    0.0624751       1.81568         0.00942599
DG      0.0565685       812     0.307984        4.40639         0.0177338
DG      0.08            829     0.307984        4.40639         0.0177338
DG      0.113137        656     1.1483          9.61236         0.0300991
DG      0.16            500     3.55769         19.5879         0.0438228
DG      0.226274        516     3.55769         19.5879         0.0438228
DG      0.32            390     9.57769         36.6619         0.0583078
DG      0.452548        281     23.0746         68.1107         0.0687864
RG      0.00            125     0.00776335      0.935684        0.00994682
.......................................................................


=========================================================================
Starting Experiment; Scale = 4.52548

Filter  MaxError        MS      M.S.E           Max Error       Bias
.......................................................................
DG      0.01            2515    0.00198431      0.236702        0.00351471
DG      0.0141421       2141    0.0146936       0.643375        0.00794726
DG      0.02            2015    0.0146936       0.643375        0.00794726
DG      0.0282843       1891    0.0611564       1.28923         0.0157124
DG      0.04            1563    0.198504        2.28215         0.0278191
DG      0.0565685       1547    0.198504        2.28215         0.0278191
DG      0.08            1313    0.552433        3.97094         0.0443291
DG      0.113137        1109    1.3724          6.69069         0.0643502
DG      0.16            844     3.116           11.4691         0.0857008
DG      0.226274        657     6.56929         19.6927         0.107503
DG      0.32            516     13.0054         32.8529         0.129189
DG      0.452548        375     24.4292         52.5973         0.146544
RG      0.00            140     0.0036548       0.38047         0.0144959
.......................................................................


=========================================================================
Starting Experiment; Scale = 6.4

Filter  MaxError        MS      M.S.E           Max Error       Bias
.......................................................................
DG      0.01            4156    0.000981629     0.166319        0.00559805
DG      0.0141421       3765    0.00599587      0.408905        0.0123179
DG      0.02            3312    0.020619        0.752639        0.0210409
DG      0.0282843       2984    0.0559046       1.20383         0.0328307
DG      0.04            2641    0.132533        1.79782         0.0475306
DG      0.0565685       2297    0.287421        2.71187         0.0651515
DG      0.08            2015    0.583861        3.998           0.0865749
DG      0.113137        1750    1.12769         5.61981         0.111557
DG      0.16            1468    2.09049         7.71494         0.139751
DG      0.226274        1250    3.7357          10.1446         0.169646
DG      0.32            812     10.7828         17.1529         0.235894
DG      0.452548        657     17.5401         26.7915         0.264729
RG      0.00            125     0.00311906      0.285658        0.0127586
.......................................................................


=========================================================================
Starting Experiment; Scale = 9.05097

Filter  MaxError        MS      M.S.E           Max Error       Bias
.......................................................................
DG      0.01            7422    0.00494722      0.382815        0.022476
DG      0.0141421       6578    0.011931        0.598822        0.0341346
DG      0.02            5906    0.0252543       0.875674        0.0483428
DG      0.0282843       5547    0.0491581       1.21272         0.0648274
DG      0.04            5031    0.0901543       1.64344         0.0840763
DG      0.0565685       4140    0.266585        2.88714         0.130944
DG      0.08            3766    0.435848        3.70605         0.158912
DG      0.113137        2985    1.07552         5.78397         0.220903
DG      0.16            2657    1.63565         7.03142         0.254225
DG      0.226274        2031    3.60399         9.71047         0.331166
DG      0.32            1469    7.61121         14.1225         0.413775
DG      0.452548        1016    15.67           20.6054         0.497119
RG      0.00            140     0.00158891      0.23814         0.00849359
.......................................................................


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