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/*========================================================================= |
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Program: Insight Segmentation & Registration Toolkit |
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Module: $RCSfile: itkFiniteDifferenceImageFilter.h.html,v $ |
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Language: C++ |
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Date: $Date: 2006/01/17 19:15:35 $ |
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Version: $Revision: 1.4 $ |
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Copyright (c) Insight Software Consortium. All rights reserved. |
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See ITKCopyright.txt or http://www.itk.org/HTML/Copyright.htm for details. |
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This software is distributed WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even |
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the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR |
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PURPOSE. See the above copyright notices for more information. |
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=========================================================================*/ |
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#ifndef __itkFiniteDifferenceImageFilter_h_ |
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#define __itkFiniteDifferenceImageFilter_h_ |
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#include "itkInPlaceImageFilter.h" |
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#include "itkFiniteDifferenceFunction.h" |
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namespace itk { |
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/** |
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* \class FiniteDifferenceImageFilter |
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* |
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* \par The Finite Difference Solver Hierarchy |
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* |
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* This is an overview of the finite difference solver (FDS) framework. The |
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* FDS framework is a set of classes for creating filters to solve partial |
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* differential equations on images using an iterative, finite difference |
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* update scheme. |
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* |
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* \par |
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* The high-level algorithm implemented by the framework can be described by |
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* the following pseudocode. |
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* |
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* \code |
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* WHILE NOT convergence: |
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* FOR ALL pixels i |
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* time_step = calculate_change(i) |
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* update(i, time_step) |
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* \endcode |
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* |
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* \par |
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* The following equation describes update \f$n+1\f$ at pixel \f$i\f$ on |
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* discrete image \f$ u \f$ : |
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* |
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* \par |
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* \f$u_{\mathbf{i}}^{n+1}=u^n_{\mathbf{i}}+\Delta u^n_{\mathbf{i}}\Delta t\f$ |
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* |
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* \par Component objects |
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* The FDS hierarchy is comprised of two component object types, variations of |
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* which are designed to be plugged together to create filters for different |
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* applications. At the process level are the ``solver'' objects, which are |
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* subclasses of FiniteDifferenceImageFilter. Solver objects are filters that |
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* take image inputs and produce image outputs. Solver objects require a |
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* ``finite difference function'' object to perform the calculation at each |
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* image pixel during iteration. These specialized function objects are |
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* subclasses of FiniteDifferenceFunction. FiniteDifferenceFunctions take a |
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* neighborhood of pixels as input (in the form of an |
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* itk::NeighborhoodIterator) and produce a scalar valued result. |
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* |
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* \par |
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* Filters for different applications are created by defining a function object |
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* to handle the numerical calculations and choosing (or creating) a solver |
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* object that reflects the requirements and constraints of the application. |
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* For example, anisotropic diffusion filters are created by plugging |
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* anisotropic diffusion functions into the DenseFiniteDifferenceImageFilter. |
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* The separation between function object and solver object allows us to |
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* create, for example, sparse-field, dense-field, and narrow-band |
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* implementations of a level-set surface evolution filter can all be |
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* constructed by plugging the same function object into three different, |
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* specialized solvers. |
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* |
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* \par Creating new filters in this hierarchy |
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* The procedure for creating a filter within the FDS hierarchy is to identify |
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* all the virtual methods that need to be defined for your particular |
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* application. In the simplest case, a filter needs only to instantiate a |
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* specific function object and define some halting criteria. For more |
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* complicated applications, you may need to define a specialized type of |
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* iteration scheme or updating procedure in a higher-level solver object. |
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* |
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* \par |
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* Some simple examples are the specific subclasses of |
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* AnisotropicDiffusionImageFilter. The leaves of the anisotropic diffusion |
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* filter tree only define the function object they use for their particular |
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* flavor of diffusion. See CurvatureAnisotropicDiffusionImageFilter and |
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* GradientAnisotropicDiffusionImageFilter for details. |
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* |
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* \par FiniteDifferenceImageFilter |
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* This class defines the generic solver API at the top level of the FDS |
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* framework. FiniteDifferenceImageFilter is an abstract class that implements |
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* the generic, high-level algorithm (described above). |
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* |
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* \par Inputs and Outputs |
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* This filter is an Image to Image filter. Depending on the specific |
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* subclass implementation, finite difference image filters may process a |
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* variety of image types. The input to the filter is the initial |
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* value of \f$ u \f$ and the output of the filter is the solution to the |
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* p.d.e. |
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* |
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* \par How to use this class |
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* GenerateData() relies on several virtual methods that must be defined by a |
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* subclass. Specifically: \em AllocateUpdateBuffer \em ApplyUpdate |
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* \em CalculateChange and \em Halt. To create a finite difference solver, |
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* implement a subclass to define these methods. |
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* |
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* \par |
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* Note that there is no fixed container type for the buffer used to hold |
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* the update \f$ \Delta \f$. The container might be another image, or simply |
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* a list of values. AllocateUpdateBuffer is responsible for creating the |
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* \f$ \Delta \f$ container. CalculateChange populates this buffer and |
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* ApplyUpdate adds the buffer values to the output image (solution). The |
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* boolean Halt() (or ThreadedHalt) method returns a true value to stop iteration. |
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* |
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* \ingroup ImageFilter |
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* \ingroup LevelSetSegmentation |
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* \sa DenseFiniteDifferenceImageFilter */ |
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template <class TInputImage, class TOutputImage> |
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class ITK_EXPORT FiniteDifferenceImageFilter |
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**: public InPlaceImageFilter<TInputImage, TOutputImage> |
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{ |
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public: |
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/** Standard class typedefs. */ |
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typedef FiniteDifferenceImageFilter Self; |
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typedef InPlaceImageFilter<TInputImage, TOutputImage> Superclass; |
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typedef SmartPointer<Self> Pointer; |
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typedef SmartPointer<const Self> ConstPointer; |
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/** Run-time type information (and related methods) */ |
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itkTypeMacro(FiniteDifferenceImageFilter, InPlaceImageFilter ); |
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/** Input and output image types. */ |
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typedef TInputImage InputImageType; |
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typedef TOutputImage OutputImageType; |
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/** Dimensionality of input and output data is assumed to be the same. */ |
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itkStaticConstMacro(ImageDimension, unsigned int, |
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OutputImageType::ImageDimension); |
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/** The pixel type of the output image will be used in computations. */ |
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typedef typename TOutputImage::PixelType PixelType; |
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/** The value type of the time step. This is distinct from PixelType |
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* because PixelType may often be a vector value, while the TimeStep is |
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* a scalar value. */ |
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typedef FiniteDifferenceFunction<TOutputImage> FiniteDifferenceFunctionType; |
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typedef typename FiniteDifferenceFunctionType::TimeStepType TimeStepType; |
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typedef enum { UNINITIALIZED = 0, INITIALIZED = 1 } FilterStateType; |
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/** Get the number of elapsed iterations of the filter. */ |
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itkGetConstReferenceMacro(ElapsedIterations, unsigned int); |
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/** This method returns a pointer to a FiniteDifferenceFunction object that |
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* will be used by the filter to calculate updates at image pixels. |
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* \returns A FiniteDifferenceObject pointer. */ |
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itkGetConstReferenceObjectMacro(DifferenceFunction, |
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FiniteDifferenceFunctionType ); |
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/** This method sets the pointer to a FiniteDifferenceFunction object that |
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* will be used by the filter to calculate updates at image pixels. |
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* \returns A FiniteDifferenceObject pointer. */ |
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itkSetObjectMacro(DifferenceFunction, FiniteDifferenceFunctionType ); |
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*/** Set/Get the number of iterations that the filter will run. */ |
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itkSetMacro(NumberOfIterations, unsigned int); |
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itkGetConstReferenceMacro(NumberOfIterations, unsigned int); |
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/** Use the image spacing information in calculations. Use this option if you |
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* want derivatives in physical space. Default is UseImageSpacingOff. */ |
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itkSetMacro(UseImageSpacing,bool); |
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itkBooleanMacro(UseImageSpacing); |
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itkGetConstReferenceMacro(UseImageSpacing, bool); |
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/** Set/Get the maximum error allowed in the solution. This may not be |
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******defined for all solvers and its meaning may change with the application. */ |
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itkSetMacro(MaximumRMSError, double); |
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itkGetConstReferenceMacro(MaximumRMSError, double); |
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/** Set/Get the root mean squared change of the previous iteration. May not |
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******be used by all solvers. */ |
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itkSetMacro(RMSChange, double); |
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itkGetConstReferenceMacro(RMSChange, double); |
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/** Set the state of the filter to INITIALIZED */ |
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void SetStateToInitialized() |
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**{ |
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this->SetState(INITIALIZED); |
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**} |
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/** Set the state of the filter to UNINITIALIZED */ |
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void SetStateToUninitialized() |
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**{ |
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this->SetState(UNINITIALIZED); |
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**} |
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/** Set/Get the state of the filter. */ |
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itkSetMacro(State, FilterStateType); |
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itkGetConstReferenceMacro(State, FilterStateType); |
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/** Require the filter to be manually reinitialized (by calling |
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SetStateToUninitialized() */ |
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itkSetMacro(ManualReinitialization, bool); |
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itkGetConstReferenceMacro(ManualReinitialization, bool); |
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itkBooleanMacro(ManualReinitialization); |
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protected: |
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FiniteDifferenceImageFilter() |
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**{ |
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m_UseImageSpacing = false; |
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m_ElapsedIterations = 0; |
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m_DifferenceFunction = 0; |
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m_NumberOfIterations = NumericTraits<unsigned int>::max(); |
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m_MaximumRMSError = 0.0; |
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m_RMSChange = 0.0; |
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m_State = UNINITIALIZED; |
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m_ManualReinitialization = false; |
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this->InPlaceOff(); |
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**} |
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~FiniteDifferenceImageFilter() {} |
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void PrintSelf(std::ostream& os, Indent indent) const; |
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/** This method allocates a temporary update container in the subclass. */ |
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virtual void AllocateUpdateBuffer() = 0; |
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/** This method is defined by a subclass to apply changes to the output |
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* from an update buffer and a time step value "dt". |
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* \param dt Time step value. */ |
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virtual void ApplyUpdate(TimeStepType dt) = 0; |
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/** This method is defined by a subclass to populate an update buffer |
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* with changes for the pixels in the output. It returns a time |
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* step value to be used for the update. |
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* \returns A time step to use in updating the output with the changes |
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* calculated from this method. */ |
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virtual TimeStepType CalculateChange() = 0; |
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/** This method can be defined in subclasses as needed to copy the input |
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* to the output. See DenseFiniteDifferenceImageFilter for an |
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* implementation. */ |
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virtual void CopyInputToOutput() = 0; |
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/** This is the default, high-level algorithm for calculating finite |
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* difference solutions. It calls virtual methods in its subclasses |
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* to implement the major steps of the algorithm. */ |
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virtual void GenerateData(); |
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/** FiniteDifferenceImageFilter needs a larger input requested region than |
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* the output requested region. As such, we need to provide |
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* an implementation for GenerateInputRequestedRegion() in order to inform |
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* the pipeline execution model. |
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* |
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* \par |
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* The filter will ask for a padded region to perform its neighborhood |
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* calculations. If no such region is available, the boundaries will be |
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* handled as described in the FiniteDifferenceFunction defined by the |
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* subclass. |
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* \sa ProcessObject::GenerateInputRequestedRegion() */ |
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virtual void GenerateInputRequestedRegion(); |
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/** This method returns true when the current iterative solution of the |
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* equation has met the criteria to stop solving. Defined by a subclass. */ |
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virtual bool Halt(); |
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/** This method is similar to Halt(), and its default implementation in this |
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* class is simply to call Halt(). However, this method takes as a parameter |
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* a void pointer to the MultiThreader::ThreadInfoStruct structure. If you |
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* override this method instead of overriding Halt, you will be able to get |
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* the current thread ID and handle the Halt method accordingly. This is useful |
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* if you are doing a lot of processing in Halt that you don't want parallelized. |
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* Notice that ThreadedHalt is only called by the multithreaded filters, so you |
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* still should implement Halt, just in case a non-threaded filter is used. |
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*/ |
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virtual bool ThreadedHalt(void *itkNotUsed(threadInfo)) { return this->Halt(); } |
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/** This method is optionally defined by a subclass and is called before |
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* the loop of iterations of calculate_change & upate. It does the global |
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* initialization, i.e. in the SparseFieldLevelSetImageFilter, initialize |
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* the list of layers. |
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* */ |
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virtual void Initialize() { }; |
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/** This method is optionally defined by a subclass and is called immediately |
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* prior to each iterative CalculateChange-ApplyUpdate cycle. It can be |
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* used to set global variables needed for the next iteration (ie. average |
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* gradient magnitude of the image in anisotropic diffusion functions), or |
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* otherwise prepare for the next iteration. |
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* */ |
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virtual void InitializeIteration() |
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{ m_DifferenceFunction->InitializeIteration(); } |
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/** Virtual method for resolving a single time step from a set of time steps |
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* returned from processing threads. |
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* \return Time step (dt) for the iteration update based on a list |
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* of time steps generated from the threaded calculated change method (one |
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* for each region processed). |
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* |
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* \param timeStepList The set of time changes compiled from all the threaded calls |
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* to ThreadedGenerateData. |
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* \param valid The set of flags indicating which of "list" elements are |
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* valid |
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* \param size The size of "list" and "valid" |
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* |
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* The default is to return the minimum value in the list. */ |
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virtual TimeStepType ResolveTimeStep(const TimeStepType* timeStepList, |
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const bool* valid,int size); |
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/** Set the number of elapsed iterations of the filter. */ |
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itkSetMacro(ElapsedIterations, unsigned int); |
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/** This method is called after the solution has been generated to allow |
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* subclasses to apply some further processing to the output.*/ |
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virtual void PostProcessOutput() {} |
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/** The maximum number of iterations this filter will run */ |
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unsigned int m_NumberOfIterations; |
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double m_RMSChange; |
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double m_MaximumRMSError; |
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private: |
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FiniteDifferenceImageFilter(const Self&); //purposely not implemented |
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void operator=(const Self&); //purposely not implemented |
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/** A counter for keeping track of the number of elapsed |
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******iterations during filtering. */ |
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unsigned int m_ElapsedIterations; |
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/** Control whether derivatives use spacing of the input image in |
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******its calculation. */ |
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bool m_UseImageSpacing; |
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/** Indicates whether the filter automatically resets to UNINITIALIZED state |
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******after completing, or whether filter must be manually reset */ |
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bool m_ManualReinitialization; |
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/** The function that will be used in calculating updates for each pixel. */ |
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typename FiniteDifferenceFunctionType::Pointer m_DifferenceFunction; |
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/** State that the filter is in, i.e. UNINITIALIZED or INITIALIZED */ |
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FilterStateType m_State; |
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}; |
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}// end namespace itk |
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#ifndef ITK_MANUAL_INSTANTIATION |
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#include "itkFiniteDifferenceImageFilter.txx" |
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#endif |
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#endif |
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EOF |
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